Diagnosis
Diagnosis for restless leg syndrome (RLS) is not an exact art. Other conditions such as diabetes, iron deficiencies, and renal dysfunctions must first be ruled out. Four criteria have been identified for diagnosing RLS, established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group in 1995:
- an urge to move the legs because of discomfort/unusual sensations
- periods of rest/inactivity exacerbate the condition; moving the legs can relieve the discomfort
- motor or muscle restlessness
- worsening of symptoms during sleep
Treatment
For mild to moderate RLS symptoms, lifestyle changes such as decreasing caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco; altering sleep patterns (to when legs are less restless); massaging, heating, or icing legs; or partaking in moderate, regular exercise can relieve symptoms of restless leg sydrome to a certain degree.
Medications to treat RLS include dopaminergics (used to treat Parkinson's disease), central nervous system depressants, opioids, and anticonvulsants. Ropinirole (also used to treat Parkinson's) was approved in 2005 for restless leg syndrome. More severe symptoms can respond to codeine or oxycodone (opioids) and anticonvulsants can decrease "creepy crawly" sensations.
Future Prospects
Researchers are looking into the possibility of dopamine playing a factor in restless leg syndrome. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that is responsible for transmitting smooth, controlled muscle movement in the body. This chemical deficiency is apparent in Parkinson's disease. Perhaps it is a factor in why muscles move uncontrollably in RLS. Genetics and surgical intervention are also being studied.
To learn more about restless leg syndrome, read Restless Leg Syndrome:Definition.
For related neurological information, check out the Neurological ARTICLE INDEX and Blog.
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